How German net pay is calculated
German net pay (Netto) is your gross salary (Brutto) minus income tax, the solidarity surcharge, optional church tax, and the employee share of social insurance. This calculator uses the 2026 figures for tax class I.
Income tax (Lohnsteuer)
Income tax follows the progressive §32a EStG formula. The first €12,348 (the Grundfreibetrag) is tax-free, after which the rate climbs smoothly from 14% to the 42% “top” rate, reaching 45% for very high incomes. The solidarity surcharge of 5.5% only applies to higher earners.
Social insurance
Employees pay roughly 21% of gross pay (up to income ceilings) toward pension (9.3%), unemployment (1.3%), health (about 8.75%) and long-term care insurance (1.8% with children, 2.4% without). These are capped at the 2026 contribution ceilings.
This models tax class I without modeling the exact Vorsorgepauschale, so it is an estimate. Other tax classes, joint assessment and allowances are not included.